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How Would We Know? Assessing Personal and Spiritual Formation in Clergy and Church Leadership

Description: Using a case study drawn from research across theological schools, this workshop explores how to assess pastoral formation. Participants will strengthen the questions guiding their evaluation efforts, consider what evidence of formation they hope to see, and gain resources for advancing assessment conversations in their own contexts.

Keywords: assessment; character formation; clergy formation; educational assessment; formation assessment; Graduating Student Questionnaire; intercultural competence; personal formation; seminarian formation; spiritual formation; spiritual maturity; student development; theological education

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What Graduating Student Questionnaire data can contribute to formation assessment

Formation assessment can be difficult when schools rely on individual survey items or a single overall measure to represent complex student outcomes. Drawing on a peer-reviewed analysis of 5,528 theological school graduates and a follow-up analysis of the class of 2026, this article shows how ATS Graduating Student Questionnaire data can illuminate distinct dimensions and patterns of formation—including spirituality, social justice commitment, intercultural competence, self-identity, interdisciplinary integration, and well-being—and offers practical ways schools can incorporate these findings into locally meaningful assessment strategies.

KEYWORDS: assessment; formation assessment; Graduating Student Questionnaire; GSQ; spiritual formation; social justice; intercultural competence; self-identity; interdisciplinary integration; student well-being; theological education; educational assessment; student outcomes; survey data; institutional effectiveness

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Formation for plural pathways: another story told by ATS alum/workforce data

Theological education has often imagined vocational formation around a single primary role, but ATS alumni data show that nearly three in 10 employed graduates hold multiple positions, with such arrangements often persisting years after graduation. The article argues that theological schools should respond by helping students integrate multiple roles, develop transferable skills, understand adjacent career pathways, and imagine coherent vocations that extend beyond a single job or ministry setting.

KEYWORDS: alumni; bivocational ministry; career pathways; multipositional work; multivocational ministry; portfolio careers; theological education; theological formation; transferable skills; vocation; vocational discernment; vocational formation; workforce; employment; career advising; field education; ATS Alum/Mapping the Workforce Study

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Clergy Formation at Academy for Jewish Religion

An overview of the approach to clergy formation at the Academy for Jewish Religion (AJR), detailing its four core realms and methods for assessment.

KEYWORDS: open access / free access; ATS Student Data and Resources Consultation (2025); case study; clergy formation; online / distance / distributed modality; pluralist Jewish context; slide deck; spiritual development; theological education

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Psychology of Religion and Spirituality in Jewish Contexts: A Synthetic Review

Synthetic review of psychology of religion and spirituality in Jewish contexts, using the Relational Spirituality Model (RSM) to organize prior research and outline future directions for empirical study.

KEYWORDS: open access / free access; empirical research; God attachment; Judaism; psychology of religion; relational spirituality; spirituality

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Relational Spirituality Profiles and Flourishing among Emerging Religious Leaders

Latent profile analysis of 580 emerging religious leaders identifies an "Integrated" profile with balanced dwelling and seeking, displaying the greatest flourishing among five relational spirituality subgroups.

KEYWORDS: flourishing; latent profile analysis; relational spirituality; well-being

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